THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ALGORITHMS ON THE AMPLIFICATION OF #END-BADGOVERNANCE PROTESTERS’ VOICES IN NIGERIA
Keywords:
Social Media, Protests, Algorithms, Amplification, Governance, #EndBadGovernance.Abstract
Social media platforms such as WhatsApp, Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), and Instagram have become significant tools for global communication, self-expression, and collective action. They providee spaces where citizens can voice demands for social change. In Nigeria, August 2024 #EndBadGovernance protests underscored the role of social media in galvanizing mass movements. This research investigates the impact of social media algorithms on the amplified voices of #EndBadGovernance protesters. The study specifically aims to evaluate the extent of social media engagement during the protests, analyze how algorithmic amplification influenced the visibility of protest-related content, and identify the key messages that contributed to mobilizing the protesters. The theoretical framework is grounded in public sphere theory, alongside the logic of collective and connective action, to better understand how social media platforms foster collective dissent. A quantitative research design was adopted, with data collected through structured questionnaires from participants in the Karu and Jos North Local Government Areas in Nasarawa and Plateau States, respectively. The findings revealed that social media was instrumental in mobilizing protesters, with algorithm-driven amplification significantly increasing the visibility and reach of protest-related posts. Key messages that galvanized the protests focused on issues such as the high cost of governance, corruption, inadequate educational and health care systems, widespread poverty, and hunger. This study highlights social media’s critical role as a powerful tool for citizens to demand accountability and good governance. It calls for responsible and ethical use of these platforms to ensure that legitimate concerns are effectively communicated while adhering to civic responsibility
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Legal Studies, Humanities and Political Sciences (JLSHPS)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Abdulazeez, S., Kazeem, T., Rufiay, A., & Gazaley, T. (2023). Factors influencing social media adoption and frequency of use: An examination of Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and Google+. International Journal of Computer Science, 3(1), 1–10.
Abdulyakeen, A., & Yusuf, Y. A. (2022). Social media and political participation among the youth in southeastern Nigeria: A case study of the 2015 and 2019 general elections. Acta Politica Polonica, 2(54), 147–173.
Akpan, E. B., & Targema, T. S. (2022). Social media, mass mobilization, and national development in Nigeria: Lessons from the #EndSARS protest in Nigeria. ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement, 6(2), 228–243.
Amnesty International. (2023). Hidden history of China’s protests movement. https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/06/right-to-peacful-protest-in-china-on-tiananmen-anniversary/
Augustine, C. (2022). Investigation of the influence of social media on the EndSARS protest Lagos, Nigeria. American University of Nigeria.
Bassey, A. U. (2024). The influence of social media on youth engagement in the August 2024 #EndBadGovernance protests in Nigeria. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 61(1), 91–101. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v61i1.11624
Britto, R. J. (2023). Social media engagement and democracy: Understanding the impact of social media on youth civic engagement in Tanzania. Journal of Media and Communication Studies, 15(2), 13–20.
Chiamogu, A., Obikeze, O., Chiamogu, U., & Odikpo, E. (2021). Social media and group consciousness in Nigeria: Appraising the prevalence of socio-political protests. Open Journal of Political Science, 11(4), 682–696. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojps.2021.114043
Damilola, G. (2022). The effect of internet use on political participation: A survey analysis results for 16-year-olds in Belgium. Social Science Computer Review, 26(4), 411–427.
Deswal, R. (2021). Protests in India: A tool for social and political reform threat. https://blos.isa.au.uk/socialpolicy/2021/03/15/protests-in-india-a-tool-for-social-and-political-reformation-under-intense-threat/
Dewan, A. D. (2023). The role of social media in the Arab revolution: Lessons for Nigeria political leaders. The Pillar, 1(1), 149–160.
Egbunike, N. (2015). Digital citizenship and political engagement in Nigeria. Journal of African Media Studies, 7(3), 213–229.
Ethirajan, A. (2024, August 4). At least 90 people were killed in Bangladesh on Sunday, during worsening clashes between police and anti-government protesters. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8vdd4venj7o
Habermas, J. (1989). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of the bourgeois society (T. Burger & F. Lawrence, Trans.). MIT Press. (Original work published 1962)
Meron, E. (2024). What is behind Kenya’s protest movement? International Crisis Group. https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/east-and-southern-africa/kenya/what-behind-kenyas-protest-movement
Nyeko, O. (2024). Anticorruption protesters arrested in Uganda. Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/07/24/anti-corruption-protesters-arrested-uganda
Oke, B. R. (2019). New media for development in rural Nigeria. In A. J. Udodo, A. S. Bashir, & E. H. Bata (Eds.), Development communication in contemporary Nigeria: A festschrift of Professor Ashong Clifford Ashong (pp. 207–228). University of Uyo.
Okocha, D. O., & Dapoet, B. A. (2022). Social media and hashtag activism in Nigeria: A narrative review. Zaria Journal of Communication, 7(2).
PBS News. (2022). Thailand protests. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/tag/thailand-protests
Schofield, H., & Plummer, R. (2023, March 16). France’s pension protests: Clashes after Macron’s orders rise in the pension age without voting. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64984374
State Historical Society of Iowa. (2024). Protest in America. https://history.iowa.gov/history/education/educator-resources/primary-source-sets/protest-america
Towner, T. L., & Dulio, D. A. (2017). Campaigns and elections: Players and strategies in American politics. Routledge.
Uji, B. M. (2015). Social media and youth mobilization for socio-political change participation. New Media and Mass Communication, 42, 27–34.
Uwalaka, T., & Nwala, B. (2023). Examining the role of social media and mobile social media networking applications in socio-political contestations in Nigeria. Communication and the Public, 8(3), 175–190.
Valenzuela, S. (2013). Unpacking the use of social media for protest behavior: The roles of information, opinion expression, and activism. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(7), 920–942. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764213479375