Review Paper

• WHY MARX ADOPTED ATHEISM AS A TOOL TO CHALLENGE AND DESTROY CHRISTIANITY AND CAPITALISM

  Potts, M

  This paper examines the relationship between atheism and communism through the lens of Karl
  Marx's political and social theory. The author argues that Marx adopted atheism as a strategic tool to challenge
  and ultimately destroy both Christianity and capitalism. The paper distinguishes

  22-38

  • Download
• ETHNO-RELIGIOUS POLITICS AND POLITICAL INTOLERANCE: IMPACTS ON POLITICAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA.

  Hassan Abubakar Idris

  Nigeria, an important African country with a diverse population, has a complex ethnic, religious,
  and regional divide that has fueled anxiety, suspicion, and conflicts. The study examines the impact of ethnoreligious politics and political intolerance on political violence in Kaduna State,

  60-68

  • Download
• THE EVOLUTION OF CHINA'S AFRICAN ENGAGEMENTS UNDER XI JINPING: A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL PERSPECTIVE

  Liu, Y., Hao, Y, Gao, Y

  China's growing engagement in Africa has been a topic of debate and analysis among scholars and
  policymakers. While Chinese investments have brought opportunities for economic growth and development
  to African countries, it has also faced criticisms for environmental damage, improper

  40-48

  • Download
• THE RIPPLE EFFECTS OF THE LIBYAN CRISIS ON NORTH AFRICAN NEIGHBORS

  Alexander. O

  The 2011 Libyan uprising has had a significant impact on its North African neighbors, including
  arms proliferation, drugs, and human trafficking, militia and jihadist groups' activity, humanitarian crisis, and
  economic hardship. This article explores the impact of the Libyan crisis on

  1-21

  • Download
• DEMOCRACY IN PAKISTAN: STRUCTURAL ANOMALIES HINDERING PROGRESS-THE STATE OF DEMOCRACY IN PAKISTAN

  Wajahat Qazi

  This paper analyzes the current state of democracy in Pakistan and explores the historical,
  ideological, and institutional factors that impede its progress. The author argues that Pakistan's lack of
  democratic governance results in political crises, instability, and weak state formation,

  49-61

  • Download