THE IMPLICATION OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURE ON ZINC OXIDE (ZnO) BASED PEROVSKITE METHYLAMMONIUM LEAD BROMIDE (CH3NH3PbBr3) USING HYDROTHERMAL BATHING AND SPIN COATING DEPOSITION METHODS
Keywords:
ZnO nanoparticles, Methylammonium lead Bromide (CH3NH3PbBr3), Optical properties: Band gap, Hydrothermal and spin coating deposition techniquesAbstract
The implication of annealing temperature on zinc oxide (ZnO) based perovskite, Methylammonium lead Bromide (CH3NH3PbBr3) using hydrothermal bathing and spin coating deposition methods was investigated; which is an advantageous thin film technique for deposition of large films at ambient or low temperature. The zinc oxide (ZnO) based perovskite, Methylammonium lead Bromide (CH3NH3PbBr3) were successfully deposited on the substrate (Glass slide) at a deposition time of 3 hours and were annealed at different temperatures of 100˚, 130˚, 160˚,190˚ and 200˚ degree Celsius respectively. The optical and morphological characterization of the zinc oxide nanoparticles and the perovskite material sequentially deposited on the substrate (Glass slides) annealed at different temperatures of 100˚, 130˚, 160˚, 190˚, 200˚ degree Celsius at deposition time of 3 hours were carried out using the UV – Visible Spectrophotometer and x- ray diffractometer respectively. It shows a transmittance between 1.42 a.u to 1.48 a.u of the thin film within the wavelength band of 350nm – 1500nm and a direct allowed band gap of 3.33 eV – 3.35 eV. UV- VIS spectroscopy revealed that the zinc oxide nanoparticles and the perovskite material sequentially deposited on the substrate (Glass slides) and annealed at temperatures of 130˚degree Celsius at deposition time of 3 hours has the highest efficiency because it absorbed readily at the least absorbance of 3.38 a.u and transmitted highly at a transmittance of 1.48 a.u within the visible region when compared to other annealing temperatures
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2023 SADI International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology (SIJSET)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Akihiro Kojima (2009), Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells J. Am. Chem. Soc.
Babatunde, E.B and Uhuegbu, C.C. (2009): spectral selectivity characteristics of FeCuS thin film and its possible solar energy applications. Global jour. of Engg. And Tech. Vol. 2, 193 – 100.
Deependra D.M., Agni D., and Buddha R.S. (2014): effect of annealing on optical properties of Zinc Oxide thin films prepared by homemade spin coater. Nepal journal of Sci. and Tech. Vol. 15, No. 2, 111-116.
Ding, R., C.Xu, B. Gu, Shi Z., Wang H., L. Ba and Xiao Z. (2010): effect of Mg incorporation on microstructure and optical properties of ZnO thin films prepared by sol-gel method. J. mater.Sci.Technol. 26(7):601-604.
Electrical 4 u (2020); transmittance (formula and transmittance to absorbance calculation). https://www.electrical4u.com/what-is-transmittance
Feng Xian Xie, (2015) Vacuum-assisted thermal annealing of CH3NH3PbI3 for highly stable and efficient perovskite solar cells ACS Nano.
Guichuan XingLong (2013), range balanced electron-and hole-transport lengths in organic-inorganic CH3NH3PbI3Science.
Gumu, C., Ozkendir O.M., Kavak H., and Ufuktepe Y. (2006): structural and optical properties of Zinc Oxide thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis method.J. Optoelectronics and Advanced materials 8:299-303.
Henry J. Snaith (2013): Perovskites: the emergence of a new era for low-cost, high-efficiency solar cells J. Phys. Chem. Lett.
Khan, Z.R., Khan M.S., and Zulfequar M. (2011): Optical and structural properties of ZnO thin films fabricated by sol-gel method. Mat.Sc. and appl. 2: 340-345
Martin A. Green; Anita Ho – Baillie; Henry j. Snaith, (2014) The emergence of perovskite solar cells Nat. Photon.
Merriam – webster, incorporated (2023): Britannica.com: encyclopedia article about reflectance.
Molecular Devices (2022): what is absorbance? https://www.moleculardevices.com/technology /absorbance - detection -work.
Mousoi A.k.; Mehde M.S., Gebori, A.M. (2020): Annealing temperature effects on the performance of the perovskite solar cells. IOP Conf.Ser.: Mater.Sci.Eng.757 012039.
Peng Gao; Michael Gratzel; Mohammed K. Naseeruddin, (2014) Organohalide lead perovskites for photovoltaic applications Energy Environ. Sci.
Samuel D. Stranks (2013), Electron-hole diffusion lengths exceeding 1 micrometer in an organometal trihalide perovskite absorber Science. dio: 10.1126/science.124382.PMID:2413696
Solar Magazine (2022), Perovskite Solar Cells: An In-Depth Guide + Comparisons with Other Techs. https://solarmagazine.com/solar-panels/perovskite -solar-cells.
Uhuegbu, Chidi.C. (2010): solution growth technique for iron Copper Sulphide ternary thin film and its optical characteristics. American journal of scientific and industrial research.1(3):392 – 396.
Uhuegbu, C.C. and Babatunde E.B. (2012): some solid properties of FeCus thin film applicable in spectral selectivity application in solar energy. Canadian journal on scientific and industrial research Vol. 3 No. 2, 69 – 82.
Hanadi M., Asya M., Abdelaziz B., (2020): effect of annealing treatment on the properties of inverted solar cells based on mixed halide perovskite, Vol.119, http://www.science direct.com/science /article /pii/s1386947719317308.