POLITICAL ECONOMY OF STATE COLLAPSE AND THE CHALLENGE OF LEGITIMACY IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Abstract

Several state failures that have created significant problems for stability and governance have made the Middle East a focal point of geopolitical complexity. Examining the relationship between political economy and the serious legitimacy problem that follows state collapse, this study explores the complex dynamics of state collapse. This study shows that social divisions and historical grievances not only intensify state failure but also function as catalysts in many situations, impeding the establishment of legitimate governing systems in the Middle East. This study used an ex-post facto research design, a documentary data-gathering method, and identity politics theory as the foundation for its theoretical framework. The data were analyzed using content and qualitative analyses. To establish legitimate governance structures, we recommend effective cooperation between regional and international actors in promoting sustainable economic development, facilitating political dialog, promoting good governance, rebuilding institutions, and restoring the rule of law