IMPACT AND GENDER DYNAMICS OF POLICE MISCONDUCT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON VARIOUS DEMOGRAPHICS AND BUSINESSES IN ENUGU STATE

Abstract

This study investigates the impact and gender dynamics of police misconduct during the COVID-19 pandemic on various demographics and businesses in Enugu State, Nigeria. The research is guided by specific objectives: identifying the categories of people and businesses most affected by police misconduct, examining the influence of gender on police actions, determining the levels of misconduct, and understanding the contributing factors. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, the study draws on both quantitative data from a survey of 527 respondents and qualitative insights from in-depth interviews. The findings reveal that traders (73.8%) and drivers (77.0%) were the most adversely affected, facing extortion, harassment, and abuse, particularly at checkpoints. Both men and women experienced similar levels of police misconduct, with 63.9% of respondents indicating no gender bias. There was a notable increase in police misconduct during the pandemic, as reported by 54.6% of respondents. Key contributing factors included corruption (43.3%), lack of accountability, and the pressures of enforcing public health measures without adequate support. The research underscores the systemic nature of police misconduct and recommends comprehensive reforms focused on accountability, training, and the development of gender-