Original Peer Reviewed Articles

• UNDERSTANDING THE ROOT CAUSES OF POVERTY IN PAKISTAN: DEMOGRAPHIC, HOUSEHOLD AND LOCATIONAL FACTORS

  McCulloch N, Cheema Farooq

  This study examines the factors contributing to poverty in Pakistan, with a focus on demographic,
  household, and locational characteristics. Using the PSLM survey (2014-2015), the study employs a logistic
  regression model to investigate the impact of different factors on poverty. The

  1-8

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• FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY FOR NGOS IN PLATEAU STATE: THE IMPORTANCE OF DONOR FUNDING AND INTERNAL CONTROL MECHANISMS

  Catherine O.

  This study examines the impact of donor funding and internal control on the financial sustainability
  of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria. Data were gathered
  from 285 respondents through self-administered questionnaires distributed among

  66-98

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• MAPPING THE IMPACT OF INDIAN BORDER FENCE ON INFORMAL TRADE IN BANGLADESH

  Anamika U

  This study evaluates the impact of the fence constructed by India along its border with Bangladesh
  in 1983 on the informal and formal trade as well as the local people's livelihood. The research focuses on the
  Panchagarh District, one of the regions affected by the construction of the

  47-57

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• EXAMINING TERRORISM'S THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITY IN NIGERIA THROUGH BORDERS POROSITY

  Moses Olusegun

  This paper examines the issues of porous borders, terrorism, and national security in Nigeria. The
  country's poorly manned borders have contributed to the dynamics of national insecurity occasioned by
  terrorism, with terrorism posing a threat to the safety of all Nigerians. The paper

  29-38

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• MEDICAL SERVICES AND STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES: THE IUS CONSTITUENDUM FRAMEWORK FOR LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY

  Muhammad Sulbadana

  This study explores the legal responsibility of medical personnel towards their patients in the
  context of their obligation to provide adequate care and adhere to standard operating procedures (SOP). The
  authors argue that negligence or malpractice can result in harm to patients and should

  9-15

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• MATHEMATICS TEACHERS’ VIEWS ON TEACHING AND LEARNING CALCULUS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

  Collins S

  This study aimed to investigate the perceptions and attitudes of mathematics teachers towards the
  teaching of calculus in secondary schools in the Mporokoso district of Zambia. A total of 16 mathematics
  teachers participated in the study, which employed a mixed-methods research design of

  58-65

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• STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING REGIONAL INDEPENDENCE AND DEFENSE THROUGH SPECIAL AUTONOMY POLICY OF WEST PAPUA PROVINCE

  Francis Saputro

  This document analyzes the implementation of the Special Autonomy policy in West Papua
  Province, Indonesia, with a focus on its impact on regional revenue and expenditure budget sources. The
  authors examine the challenges faced by the West Papua Provincial Government in managing its

  39-46

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• FRIENDSHIP FUNCTIONS AND COMMUNICATION STYLES AMONG BROKEN HOME CHILDREN IN YOGYAKARTA

  Suciati, Cahyaning Pertiwi Harya

  This case study examines the impact of divorce on the interpersonal communication styles of
  children from broken homes in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Using qualitative methods, in-depth interviews were
  conducted with informants who were selected using purposive sampling techniques. Three

  16-28

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