THE POWER OF ANTIOXIDANTS: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTH

Abstract

Oxidative stress is a significant factor in the development of several age-related diseases and chronic conditions. It results from the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant agents. The review examines various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants that play vital roles in combating free radicals and maintaining redox balance in cells. Antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, glutathione, carotenoids, vitamin E and selenium, and phenolic compounds are discussed in detail. This review expounds on the various sources of oxidative stress, whether exogenous or endogenous, and their effects on animal performance. Reactive oxygen metabolites generated during normal metabolism can enter into reactions that, when uncontrolled, can impair the performance of dairy animals and interfere with crucial metabolic functions. Nonetheless, the body is protected by a wide range of antioxidant systems that work in concert, removing superoxide and peroxides. Optimizing performance requires the control of oxidative stress in animals. Such control can be achieved by supplying all known antioxidant nutrients and by minimizing the effects of substances that stimulate reactive oxygen metabolites. This review informs the reader of the beneficial mutual influences exhibited by antioxidants that help prevent disease and slow the aging process