ENSURING FREE, FAIR, AND CREDIBLE ELECTIONS: THE IMPORTANCE OF AN EFFICIENT ELECTORAL SYSTEM IN AFRICA

Abstract

This paper examines the role of political parties in democratic development in Africa. The institutionalization of party systems plays a significant role in the consolidation of democracy. The historical evolution of electoral politics in Africa, from post-independence single-party systems to a more pluralistic system in the 1990s and beyond, is explored. However, emerging party systems still pose challenges to democracy in Africa. The paper emphasizes the importance of electoral institutions, such as independent and competent electoral commissions, in ensuring the systemic conduct of free, fair, and credible elections. The paper also highlights the functions of political parties in the ordering of the political system, creating new foundations for solidarity and identity within society, and promoting integration and participation. The study recommends that assumptions about democratic development in Africa should be investigated on the basis of empirically informed analysis of operationalized politics. In addition, electoral processes in Africa should be amended to reflect present realities and adhere to best practices for developed democracies, such as promoting accountability of elected representatives through strong political parties